Gardner EL. Liu X. Paredes W. Giordano A. Spector J. Lepore M. Wu K-M. Froimowitz M. A slow-onset, long-duration indanamine monoamine reuptake inhibitor as a potential maintenance pharmacotherapy for psychostimulant abuse: effects in laboratory rat models relating to addiction. Neuropharmacology. 51(5):993-1003, 2006

Chen J. Marmur R. Paredes W. Pulles A. Gardner EL. Systemic cocaine challenge after chronic cocaine treatment reveals sensitization of extracellular dopamine levels in nucleus accumbens but direct cocaine perfusion into nucleus accumbens does not: implications for the neural locus of cocaine sensitization. Life Sci. 1996, 58:L139-L146.

Gardner EL. Chen J. Paredes W. Clozapine produces potent antidopaminergic effects anatomically specific to the mesolimbic system. J. Clin. Psychiatry 1994, 55:Suppl B, 15-22.

Chen J. Marmur R. Pulles A. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Ventral tegmental microinjection of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances ventral tegmental somatodendritic dopamine levels but not forebrain dopamine levels: evidence for local neural action by marijuana's psychoactive ingredient. Brain Res. 1993, 621:65-70.

Gardner EL. Chen J. Paredes W. Overview of chemical sampling techniques. J. Neurosci. Methods. 1993, 48:173-197.

Gardner EL. Walker LS. Paredes W. Clozapine's functional mesolimbic selectivity is not duplicated by the addition of anticholinergic action to haloperidol: a brain stimulation study in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993, 110:119-124.

Chen J. Paredes W. Gardner EL.Effects of acute phencyclidine on invivo efflux and metabolism of dopamine in nucleus accumbens neurons, caudate putamen, and medial prefrontal cortex of the wake, freely moving rat. Einstein Quarterly Journal of Biology and Medicine. 1993, 10:78-86.

Barr GA. Miya DY. Paredes W. Analgesic effects of intraventricular and intrathecal injection of morphine and ketocyclazocine in the infant rat. Brain Res. 1992, 584:83-91.

Chen J. Paredes W. van Praag HM. Gardner EL. Serotonin denervation enhances responsiveness of presynaptic dopamine efflux to acute clozapine in nucleus accumbens but not in caudate- putamen. Brain Res. 1992, 582:173-179.

Chen J. Paredes W. van Praag HM. Lowinson JH. Gardner EL. Presynaptic dopamine release is enhanced by 5-HT3 receptor activation in medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. Synapse. 1992 10:264-266.

Chen JP. Ruan D. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Effects of acute and chronic clozapine on dopaminergic function in medial prefrontal cortex of awake, freely moving rats. Brain Res. 1992, 571:235-241.

Chen JP. Paredes W. Lowinson JH. Gardner EL. Strain-specific facilitation of dopamine efflux by delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol in the nucleus accumbens of rat: an in vivo microdialysis study. Neurosci. Lett. 1991, 129:136-180.

Chen JP. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Chronic treatment with clozapine selectively decreases basal dopamine release in nucleus accumbens but not in caudate-putamen as measured by in vivo brain microdialysis: further evidence for depolarization block. Neurosci. Lett. 1991, 122:127-131.

Paredes W. Hughes HE. Giordano J. Barr GA. Methods of injecting drugs directly into the spinal cord of neonatal rats. Lab. Animal. 19:39-41, 1990.

Chen J. Paredes W. Lowinson JH. Gardner EL. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol enhances presynaptic dopamine efflux in medial prefrontal cortex. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1990, 190:259-262.

Gardner EL. Chen J. Paredes W. Smith D. Li J. Lowinson J. Enhancement of presynaptic dopamine efflux in brain by d9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated by an endogenous opioid mechanism. In van Ree JM. Mulder AH. Wiegant VM. van Wimersma Greidanus TB. (Eds), New Leads in Opioid Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1990, pp. 243-245.

Chen JP. Paredes W. Li J. Smith D. Lowinson J. Gardner EL. Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol produces naloxone-blockable enhancement of presynaptic basal dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of conscious, freely-moving rats as measured by intracerebral microdialysis. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1990 102:156-162.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Smith D. Zukin RS. Facilitation of brain stimulation reward by d9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated by an endogenous opioid mechanism. Advances in the Biosciences. 1989, 6(10):671-674.

Tempel A. Habas J. Paredes W. Barr GA. Morphine-induced downregulation of mu-opioid receptors in neonatal rat brain. Brain Res. 1988, 469:129-133.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Smith D. Donner A. Milling C. Cohen D. Morrison D. Facilitation of brain stimulation reward by delta 9- tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 198,. 96:142-144.

Eghbali M. Santoro C. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Zukin RS. Visualization of multiple opioid-receptor types in rat striatum after specific mesencephalic lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 1987, 84:6582-6586.

Barr GA. Paredes W. Erickson KL. Zukin RS. Kappa opioid receptor-mediated analgesia in the developing rat. Brain Res. 1986 394:145-152.

Barr GA. Paredes W. Bridger WH. Place conditioning with morphine and phencyclidine: dose dependent effects. Life Sci. 1985, 36:363-368.

Barr GA. Sharpless NS. Cooper S. Schiff SR. Paredes W. Bridger WH. Classical conditioning, decay and extinction of cocaine-induced hyperactivity and stereotypy. Life Sci. 1983. 33:1341-1351.

Bridger WH. Schiff SR. Cooper SS. Paredes W. Barr GA. Classical conditioning of cocaine's stimulatory effects. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 1982, 18:210-214.

Abstracts - Posters - Paper Presentations

Goel N. Amodu A. Paredes W. Folkert V, Abramowitz M. Intra-dialytic acid-base changes and organic acid production with standard versus low bicarbonate hemodialysis. New Yok Society of Nephrology 2013.

Froimowitz m. Wu K-M. Liu X. Spector J. Hayes R. Vorel SR. Paredes W. Ashby CR. Gardner EL. Slow-onset, long-lasting prodrug as potential medication for cocaine addiction: intravenous cocaine self-administration studies in rat strains with different vulnerabilities to drug-seeking behavior. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 25:1574 1999.

Vorel SR. Liu X. Paredes W. Hayes R. Spector J. Murakhovskaya I. Gardner EL. Lachman H. Electrical stimulation of the ventral subiculum induces relapse to cocaine self-administration. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 24:2170 1998.

Gardner EL. Liu X. Paredes W. Giordano A. Spector J. Lepore M. Wu K-M. Froimowitz M. Effects of a slow-onset, long-acting dopamine reuptake blocker on brain reward mechanisms. College on Problems of Drug Dependence. 30:166 1997.

Froimowitz M. Wu K-M. Paredes W. Giordano A. Spector J. Liu X. Lepore M. Gardner EL. Effects of a slow-onset, long-acting dopamine reuptake blocker on cocaine self-administration and on nucleus accumbens dopamine. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 23:1110, 1997.

Gardner EL. Liu X. Paredes W. Lepore M. Ashby CR. Wu K-M. Froimowitz M. Effects of a slow-onset, long-acting dopamine reuptake blocker on electrical brain stimulation reward (BSR). Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 23:1110, 1997.

Chen J. Liu X. Paredes W. and Gardner EL. Acute fluoxetine enhances cocaine’s action on brain reward. Society for Biological Psychiatry. 39:537 1996.

Gardner EL. Liu X. Paredes W. Savage V. Lowinson J. Lepore M. strain-specific differences in d9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced facilitation of electrical brain stimulation reward (BSR). Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 21:177, 1995.

Lepore M. Liu X. Paredes W. Savage V. Matalon D. Lowinson J. Gardner EL. Strain-specific differences in d9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced facilitation of electrical brain stimulation reward. International Cannabis Research Society. 1995.

Chen J. Paredes W. Gardner EL. D9-tetrahydrocannabinol’s enhancement of nucleus accumbens dopamine resembles that of reuptake blockers rather than releasers - Evidence from in-vivo microdialysis experiments with 3-methoxytyramine. National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monographs Series. 141:312, 1994.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Clozapine: Anticholinergic basis of its mesolimbic specificity? Clinical Neuropharmacology. 15 (suppl. 1B), 25B.1992,.

Marmur R. Chen J. Pulles A. Paredes W. Vincent PA. Gardner EL. Chronic cocaine treatment decreases cocaine-induced extracellular dopamine overflow in the ventral tegmental area: In vivo microdialysis studies. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 18:900, 1992.

Chen J. Marmur R. Rosenbaum E. Paredes W. Gardner EL. 60-Day chronic cocaine treatment desensitizes extracellular dopamine overflow in caudate-putamen but not in nucleus accumbens. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 18:1077, 1992.

Chen J. Paredes W. van Praag H.M. Gardner EL. 5HT denervation enhances responsiveness of presynaptic DA efflux to acute clozapine in nucleus accumbens but not in caudate-putamen. Biological Psychiatry. 29(11S), 673S, 1991.

Chen J. Ruan D. Paredes W. Gardner EL. An in vivo microdialysis study of the effects of acute and chronic clozapine on extracellular dopamine and metabolite levels in medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. Paper presented at 3rd IBRO (International Brain Research Organization) World Congress of Neuroscience. Montreal, August 1991.

Chen J. Marmur R. Paredes W. Pulles A. Gardner EL. Systemic cocaine challenge after chronic cocaine treatment yields cocaine sensitization of extracellular dopamine content in nucleus accumbens but direct cocaine perfusion into nucleus accumbens does not - In vivo microdialysis studies. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 17:823, 1991.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Clozapine: Anticholinergic basis of its mesolimbic specificity? Paper presented at meetings of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum. Nice, June 1992.

Chen J. Marmur R. Pulles A. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Microinjection of A9-Tetrahydrocan-nabinol enhances somatodendritic dopamine levels in ventral tegmental area of rat. Paper presented at meetings of the International Cannabis Research Society. Keystone, Colorado, June 1992.

Chen J. Paredes W. Smith D. van Praag HM. Gardner EL. Anatomically selective action on mesolimbic serotonergic mechanisms by the atypical neuroleptic clozapine: In vivo brain microdialysis studies. Paper presented at New York Academy of Sciences conference on The Neuropharmacology of Serotonin. New York, July 1989.

Gardner EL. Chen J. Paredes W. Li J. Smith D. Strain-specific facilitation of brain stimulation reward by A9-tetrahydrocannabinol in laboratory rats is mirrored by strain-specific facilitation of presynaptic dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 15:638, 1989.

Chen J. Paredes W. Li J. Smith D. Gardner EL. In vivo brain microdialysis studies of A9-tetrahydrocannabinol on presynaptic dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens of the Lewis rat. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts. 15:1096, 1989.

Chen J. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Chronic clozapine decreases mesolimbic but not nigrostriatal dopamine release as measured by in vivo brain microdialysis: Further evidence for depolarization block. Biological Psychiatry. 27(9A), 84A, 1990.

Gardner EL. Chen J. Paredes W. Smith D. Li J. Lowinson J. Enhancement of presynaptic dopamine efflux in brain by A9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated by an endogenous opioid mechanism. Paper presented at meetings of the International Narcotics Research Conference11th International Congress of Pharmacology, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, July 1990.

Chen J. Paredes W. van Praag HM. Gardner EL. 5HT denervation enhances responsiveness of presynaptic DA efflux to acute clozapine in nucleus accumbens but not in caudate-putamen. Paper presented at 5th World Congress of Biological Psychiatry. Florence, June 1991.

Chen J. Paredes W. van Praag HM. Gardner EL. Presynaptic dopamine efflux is enhanced by 5-HT3 receptor activation in medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats. Paper presented at scientific meetings of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Palm Beach, Florida, June 1991. (Abstract published in National Institute on Drug Abuse Research Monograph Series. 119: 373, 1992 )

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Smith D. Zukin RS. Facilitation of brain stimulation reward by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol is mediated by an endogenous opioid mechanism. Paper presented at meetings of the International Narcotics Research Conference, Albi, France, July 1988.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Smith D. Donner A. Milling C. Cohen D. Morrison D. Strain-specific facilitation of brain stimulation reward by A9-tetrahydrocannabinol in laboratory rats. Paper presented at meetings of the Collegium Internationale Neuro-Psychopharmacologicum, Munich, August 1988.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Smith D. Seeger T. Donner A. Milling C. Cohen D. Morrison D. Strain-specific sensitization of brain stimulation reward by A9-tetrahydrocannabinol in laboratory rats. Psychopharmacology. 96 (suppl.), 365, 1988.

Gardner EL. Paredes W. Seeger TF. Smith D. van Praag HM. Mesolimbic DA antagonism by 5HT3 receptor blockade. Paper presented at meetings of the World Psychiatric Association Regional Symposium on The Research and Clinical Interface for Psychiatric Disorders, Washington, D.C., October 1988. (Abstract published in Book of Abstracts, World Psychiatric Association Regional Symposium, The Research and Clinical Interface for Psychiatric Disorders, October 13-16, 1988, Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Association, Washington, D.C., 1988, p. 222.)

Paredes W. Chen J. Gardner EL. A miniature microdialysis probe: A new simple construction method for making a chronic, removable and recyclable probe. Paper presented at International Symposium on Microdialysis Sampling and Allied Analytical Techniques, Indianapolis, Indiana, May 1989. (Abstract published in Current Separations. 9:94, 1998.)

Chen J. Paredes W. Gardner EL. Differential effects of haloperidol and clozapine on dopamine efflux in red nucleus of the conscious rat. Paper presented at International Symposium on Microdialysis Sampling and Allied Analytical Techniques, Indianapolis, Indiana, May 1989. (Abstract published in Current Separations. 9:95, 1998.)