Sriram Machineni
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Dr. Machineni obtained his medical degree from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in New Delhi, followed by a residency in internal medicine at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He served as chief resident and primary care teaching physician at Buffalo General Hospital. He subsequently completed a clinical and research fellowship in obesity medicine and metabolism at Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School and stayed on as an instructor. Dr. Machineni studied energy balance and body fat regulation in animal models allowing the interpretation of clinical research findings and phenotypes in the context of physiology. </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Dr. Machineni moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) to start a clinical obesity program for treatment, education, and pharmaceutical clinical obesity trials. During his term at UNC, he helped create an obesity primary care network in central North Carolina. He was recruited to Montefiore Medical Center to develop a new medical obesity program.</p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">The Fleischer Institute Medical Weight Center at Montefiore Einstein, founded by Dr. Machineni, is designed to support clinical, educational, and research endeavors in the field of obesity medicine. The program leverages individual variations in response to treatments and uses multiple modalities for weight reduction to treat the comorbidities of obesity and improve quality of life. Special programs are available for individuals who need to lose weight to quality for medical and surgical procedures. The Medical Weight Center works closely with the Montefiore bariatric surgery program to offer a broad spectrum of treatment modalities.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">Dr. Machineni has clinical expertise in the m</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ultidisciplinary management of obesity, anti-obesity medications, and post-bariatric medical complications, including nutritional deficiencies, hypoglycemia, weight regain, malabsorption, and diarrhea. He</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"> is among a handful of physicians in the New York area with Castle Connolly Top Doctors designation in obesity medicine.</span></p>
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<p>1: Garvey WT, Frias JP, Jastreboff AM, le Roux CW, Sattar N, Aizenberg D, Mao H,Zhang S, Ahmad NN, Bunck MC, Benabbad I, Zhang XM; <strong>SURMOUNT-2 investigators</strong>.Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (SURMOUNT-2): a double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023 Jun 26:S0140-6736(23)01200-X. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01200-X. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37385275.</p>
<p>2: Pagidipati NJ, Mulder H, Chiswell K, Lampron Z, Jones WS, <strong>Machineni S</strong>,Waitman LR, Mongraw-Chaffin M, Waterman F, Kumar N, Ramasamy A, Smolarz G,Peterson ED, O'Brien E. Evaluation of weight change and cardiometabolic risk factors in a real-world population of US adults with overweight or obesity. PrevMed. 2023 May;170:107496. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107496. Epub 2023 Mar 29.PMID: 36997096.</p>
<p>3: Ro SJ, Lackey AR, Aymes SE, McCauley JL, Davis TC, Wang R, Stanley W, Ratner SP, <strong>Machineni S</strong>, Fiscus LC. Impact of a Community-Based Weight Management Program in a North Carolina Health Care System. Fam Med. 2023 Mar;55(3):189-194.doi: 10.22454/FamMed.2023.603918. Epub 2023 Jan 31. PMID: 36888674.</p>
<p>4: Aronne LJ, Bramblette S, Ingelfinger JR, Jastreboff AM, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Massie N, Rosen CJ. When Weight Impacts Health. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 12;388(2):e2. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2215794. PMID: 36630621.</p>
<p>5: Aronne LJ, Bramblette S, Huett-Garcia A, Ingelfinger JR, Jastreboff AM, <strong>Machineni S</strong>, Massie N, Rosen CJ. Weight and Health - Pathophysiology and Therapies. N Engl J Med. 2022 Dec 15;387(24):e62. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2214423. PMID: 36516089.</p>
<p>6: le Roux CW, Zhang S, Aronne LJ, Kushner RF, Chao AM, <strong>Machineni S</strong>, Dunn J, Chigutsa FB, Ahmad NN, Bunck MC. Tirzepatide for the treatment of obesity: Rationale and design of the SURMOUNT clinical development program. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Jan;31(1):96-110. doi: 10.1002/oby.23612. Epub 2022 Dec 7. PMID: 36478180; PMCID: PMC10107501.</p>
<p>7: Bionic Pancreas Research Group; Russell SJ, Beck RW, Damiano ER, El-Khatib FH, Ruedy KJ, Balliro CA, Li Z, Calhoun P, Wadwa RP, Buckingham B, Zhou K,Daniels M, Raskin P, White PC, Lynch J, Pettus J, Hirsch IB, Goland R, Buse JB,Kruger D, Mauras N, Muir A, McGill JB, Cogen F, Weissberg-Benchell J, Sherwood JS, Castellanos LE, Hillard MA, Tuffaha M, Putman MS, Sands MY, Forlenza G, Slover R, Messer LH, Cobry E, Shah VN, Polsky S, Lal R, Ekhlaspour L, Hughes MS, Basina M, Hatipoglu B, Olansky L, Bhangoo A, Forghani N, Kashmiri H, Sutton F, Choudhary A, Penn J, Jafri R, Rayas M, Escaname E, Kerr C, Favela-Prezas R, Boeder S, Trikudanathan S, Williams KM, Leibel N, Kirkman MS, Bergamo K, Klein KR, Dostou JM, <strong>Machineni S</strong>, Young LA, Diner JC, Bhan A, Jones JK, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Cossen K, Felner E, Salam M, Silverstein JM, Adamson S, Cedeno A, Meighan S, Dauber A. Multicenter, Randomized Trial of a Bionic Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 29;387(13):1161-1172. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2205225. PMID: 36170500; PMCID: PMC10028490.</p>
<p>8: Perreault L, Davies M, Frias JP, Laursen PN, Lingvay I, <strong>Machineni S</strong>, Varbo A,Wilding JPH, Wallenstein SOR, le Roux CW. Changes in Glucose Metabolism andGlycemic Status With Once-Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide 2.4 mg AmongParticipants With Prediabetes in the STEP Program. Diabetes Care. 2022 Oct1;45(10):2396-2405. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1785. PMID: 35724304; PMCID: PMC9862484.</p>
<p>9: Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, Kiyosue A,Zhang S, Liu B, Bunck MC, Stefanski A; <strong>SURMOUNT-1 Investigators</strong>. TirzepatideOnce Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jul21;387(3):205-216. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206038. Epub 2022 Jun 4. PMID: 35658024.</p>
<p>10: Klein KR, Freeman JLR, Dunn I, Dvergsten C, Kirkman MS, Buse JB, Valcarce C;<strong>SimpliciT1 research group</strong>. The SimpliciT1 Study: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1b/2 Adaptive Study of TTP399, a Hepatoselective Glucokinase Activator, for Adjunctive Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2021 Apr;44(4):960-968. doi:10.2337/dc20-2684. Epub 2021 Feb 23. PMID:33622669; PMCID: PMC7985421.</p>
<p>11: Melanie Davies, Louise Færch, Ole K Jeppesen, Arash Pakseresht, Sue D Pedersen, Leigh Perreault, Julio Rosenstock, Iichiro Shimomura, Adie Viljoen, Thomas A Wadden, Ildiko Lingvay; <strong>STEP 2 Study Group</strong>. Semaglutide 2·4 mg once a week in adults with overweight or obesity, and type 2 diabetes (STEP 2): a randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2021 Mar 13;397(10278):971-984. PMID: 33667417.</p>
<p>12: Rosman L, Armbruster T, Kyazimzade S, Tugaoen Z, Mazzella AJ, Deyo Z, Walker J, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Gehi A. Effect of a virtual self-management intervention for atrial fibrillation during the outbreak of COVID-19. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2021 Mar;44(3):451-461. doi: 10.1111/pace.14188. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33565642; PMCID: PMC8014277.</p>
<p>13: Wadden TA, Bailey TS, Billings LK, Davies M, Frias JP, Koroleva A, Lingvay I, O'Neil PM, Rubino DM, Skovgaard D, Wallenstein SOR, Garvey WT; <strong>STEP 3 Investigators.</strong> Effect of Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo as an Adjunct to Intensive Behavioral Therapy on Body Weight in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021 Feb 24. PMID: 33625476; PMCID: PMC7905697.</p>
<p>14: Jensen SM, Thompson RE, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Overby DW, Farrell TM. Refractory Hypocalcemia Following Stomach Intestinal Pylorus-Sparing Bariatric Surgery and Thyroidectomy: Successful Management With Creation of a Proximal Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Am Surg. 2021 Apr;87(4):576-580. doi: 10.1177/0003134820952427. Epub 2020 Oct 30. PMID: 33125276.</p>
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<p>15: Kushner RF, Batsis JA, Butsch WS, Davis N, Golden A, Halperin F, Kidambi S, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Novick M, Port A, Rubino DM, Saunders KH, Shapiro Manning L, Soleymani T, Kahan S. Weight History in Clinical Practice: The State of the Science and Future Directions. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020 Jan;28(1):9-17. doi: 10.1002/oby.22642. PMID: 31858735.</p>
<p>16: Kushner RF, Butsch WS, Kahan S, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Cook S, Aronne LJ. Obesity Coverage on Medical Licensing Examinations in the United States. What Is Being Tested? Teach Learn Med. 2017 Apr-Jun;29(2):123-128. doi:10.1080/10401334.2016.1250641. Epub 2016 Dec 29. PMID: 28033472.</p>
<p>17: Carmody JS, Ahmad NN, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Lajoie S, Kaplan LM. Weight Loss After RYGB Is Independent of and Complementary to Serotonin 2C Receptor Signaling in Male Mice. Endocrinology. 2015 Sep;156(9):3183-91. doi: 10.1210/en.2015-1226. Epub 2015 Jun 11. PMID: 26066076; PMCID: PMC4541621.</p>
<p>18: Liou AP, Paziuk M, Luevano JM Jr, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Turnbaugh PJ, Kaplan LM. Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. Sci Transl Med. 2013 Mar 27;5(178):178ra41. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3005687. PMID: 23536013; PMCID: PMC3652229.</p>
<p>19: Bose M, Teixeira J, Olivan B, Bawa B, Arias S, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Pi-Sunyer FX, Scherer PE, Laferrère B. Weight loss and incretin responsiveness improve glucose control independently after gastric bypass surgery. J Diabetes. 2010 Mar;2(1):47-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2009.00064.x. PMID: 20676394; PMCID: PMC2910618.</p>
<p>20: Bose M, <strong>Machineni S,</strong> Oliván B, Teixeira J, McGinty JJ, Bawa B, Koshy N, Colarusso A, Laferrère B. Superior appetite hormone profile after equivalent weight loss by gastric bypass compared to gastric banding. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jun;18(6):1085-91. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.473. Epub 2010 Jan 7.PMID: 20057364; PMCID: PMC2877144.</p>
Simona Stefan
Saachi Sachdev
<p>Saachi Sachdev, MD, is Director, Dr. Martin Surks FCC Endocrinology Clinic at Montefiore Einstein and Assistant Professor, Medicine at our Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Sachdev practices general endocrinology and sees patients for conditions including primary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, pituitary disorders, hypo/hyperthyroidism, adrenal gland disorders, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and type 2 diabetes. She has established a pediatric-to-adult endocrinology care transition pathway to support young adult patients with non-type 1 diabetes diagnoses navigating the vulnerable transition to adult care.</p><p>After obtaining her Bachelor of Arts at Harvard University in 2009, Dr. Sachdev earned her Doctor of Medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in 2013. She then completed an internship in medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital-Columbia University Medical Center in 2014, followed by her residency in medicine at the same institution in 2016. In 2020, Dr. Sachdev completed an endocrinology, diabetes and metabolism fellowship at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania.</p><p>Dr. Sachdev helps lead the Division of Endocrinology's quality improvement initiatives and has established a quality improvement curriculum for the endocrinology fellowship program. Her research aligns with her clinical focus and has been published in several peer-reviewed journals and abstracts.</p><p>Dr. Sachdev is board certified in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism by the American Board of Internal Medicine. She is a member of the Endocrine Society and the American Diabetes Association.</p>
Amanda C. Raff
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 15.6pt;">Dr. Raff is a Professor of Medicine and the Associate Chair of Medicine for Undergraduate Medical Education. She has been the Course Director for the Einstein first year medical student Renal System Course since 2007 and the Internal Medicine Clerkship and Acting Internship Director since 2012.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria;">She a faculty mentor for the student led Step 1 Group near-peer evidence based guidance program and the Internal Medicine Interest Group.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria;">She has a clinical practice of CKD and ESRD patients and enjoys rounding on the inpatient Renal Consult and Dialysis services.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria;">Dr. Raff’s contributions in the field of Medical Education include serving as a Case Editor for Aquifer Internal Medicine, contributing author and reviewer for the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM) curriculum revision and MKSAP 19 Nephrology section committee member.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 15.6pt;">She has been recognized for her teaching excellence at Einstein with the Samuel M. Rosen Outstanding Teacher Award for Excellence in Basic Science Teaching, the Harry Eagle Award for Outstanding Basic Science Teaching, the Harry H. Gordon Award for Outstanding Clinical Teaching and membership in the Leo M. Davidoff Society.</p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: medium; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 15.6pt;">Dr. Raff received a bachelor's degree in biology from Indiana University and a MD from Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She completed a residency in Internal Medicine at NewYork Presbyterian Hospital and a chief resident year at NYU Downtown Hospital. She returned to Einstein/Montefiore for a Nephrology Fellowship and joined the Einstein Division of Nephrology faculty in 2004.</p>
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)<br />Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)<br />End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD, ESRD)<br />Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)<br />Glomerular diseases<br />Hypertension<br />Electrolyte Disorders<br />Kidney Stones<br />
<p><span style="color:black;"> </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">1. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; color: #212121;">Fitz M, Adams W, Haist S, Hauer K, Ross P, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Agarwal G, Vu T, Appelbaum J, Lang V, Miller C, Grum C and the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine – National Board of Medical Examiners EXPRESS Study Group. Which Internal Medicine Clerkship Characteristics Are Associated With Students' Performance on the NBME Medicine Subject Exam? A Multi-Institutional Analysis. <em>Acad Med</em>. 2020;10.1097/ACM.0000000000003322 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 17]. </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; color: #212121;">2. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">Brien K (Author), Calvo L (Associate editor), <strong>Raff A</strong> (Case editor). <em>Aquifer Internal Medicine Case 33: 49-year-old woman with confusion</em>. 2019 </span><u><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; color: #3366ff;">https://www.aquifer.org</span></u></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria; color: #212121;">3. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">Khan M, Gil N, Lin W, Fiter R, Kenawy D, Burton W, <strong>Raff A</strong>. The impact of Step 1 scores on medical students’ residency specialty choice. <em>Med Sci Educ.</em> 28(4): 699-705. 2018.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">4. Ludwig A, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Lin J, Schoenbaum E. Group Observed Structured Encounter (GOSCE) for third year medical students improves self-assessment of clinical communication. <em>Medical Teacher</em> 39(9): 931-5. 2017.</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">5. Golestaneh L, Neugarten J, Southern W, Kargoli F, <strong>Raff A</strong>. Improving the diagnostic workup of hyponatremia in the setting of kidney disease: a continuing medical education (CME) initiative. <em>Int Urol Nephrol</em> 49(3): 491-7. 2017</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">6. Czapka M, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Risley M. Safe Transitions: An active learning module for discharge summaries and interprofessional care. <em>MedEdPORTAL iCollaborative</em>. 2017</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">7. Tanenbaum, E, Johnson J, Jordan, E, Cottral J, Tenore C, Burton W, McGinn A<strong>, Raff A</strong>. An effective evidence-based student run near-peer support group for the USMLE Step 1 Exam. <em>Med Sci Educ</em>. 26(4): 691-9. 2016</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">8. Ludwig A, Lee R, Parish S, <strong>Raff A</strong>. Four-station group observed structured clinical encounter for formative assessment of communication skills for internal medicine clerks. <em>MedEdPORTAL Publications</em>. 12:10444. 2016 </span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">9. Chen W, Melamed M, Hostetter T, Bauer C, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Almudevar A, Lalonde A, Messing S, Abramowitz M. Effect of oral sodium bicarbonate on fibroblast growth factor-23 in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot study. <em>BMC Nephrol</em>. 17(1): 114. doi: 10.1186/s12882-016-0331-6. 2016</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">10. Jion Y, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Grosberg B, Evans R. The risk and management of kidney stones from the use of topiramate and zonisamide in migraine and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. <em>Headache</em>. 55(1): 161-6. 2015</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">11. Jion Y, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Grosberg B, Evans R. Topiramate and nephrolithiasis: a response. <em>Headache</em>. 55(5): 710-2. 2015</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">12. Abramowitz, M, Melamed M, Bauer C, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Hostetter T. Effects of oral sodium bicarbonate in patients with CKD. <em>Clin J Am Soc Nephrol</em>. 8(5): 714-20. 2013</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">13. Berman N, Lectura M, Thurman J, Reinecke J, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Melamed M, Quan Z, Evans T, Meyer T, Hostetter T. A zebrafish model for uremic toxicity: role of the complement pathway. <em>Blood Purif</em>. 35(4): 265-9. 2013</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">14. Bomback A, <strong>Raff A</strong>. Olfactory function in dialysis patients: a potential key to understanding the uremic state. <em>Kidney Int</em>. 80(8): 803-5. 2011</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">15. Ponda M, Quan Z, Melamed M, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Meyer T, Hostetter T. Methylamine clearance by haemodialysis is low. <em>Nephrol Dial Transplant</em>. 25(5): 1608-13. 2010</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">16. <strong>Raff A</strong>, Lieu S, Melamed M, Quan Z, Ponda M, Meyer T, Hostetter T. Relationship of Impaired Olfactory Function in ESRD to Malnutrition and Retained Uremic Molecules. <em>Am J Kidney Dis</em>. 52(1): 102-10. 2008</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">17. <strong>Raff A</strong>, Meyer T, Hostetter T. New Insights into uremic toxicity. <em>Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens</em>. 17(6): 560-5. 2008</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">18. Susztak K, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Schiffer M, Bottinger E. Glucose – induced reactive oxygen species cause apoptosis of podocytes and podocyte depletion at the onset of diabetic nephropathy. <em>Diabetes</em>. 55(1): 225-33. 2006</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">19. Schiffer M. Susztak K, Ranalletta M, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Bottinger E, Charron M. Localization of the GLUT8 transporter in murine kidney and regulation in vivo in non-diabetic and diabetic conditions. <em>Am J Physiol Renal Physiol</em>, 289(1): F186-193. 2005</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">20. <strong>Raff A</strong>, Hebert T, Pullman J, Coco M. Crescentic post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome in the adult: is aggressive therapy warranted? <em>Clinical Nephrology</em>, 63(5): 375-380. 2005</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">21. Spector M, <strong>Raff A</strong>, DeSilva H, Lee K, Osley M. Hir1p and Hir2p function as transcriptional corepressors to regulate histone gene transcription in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </em>cell cycle. <em> Molecular and Cellular Biology</em>, 17(2): 545-552. 1997</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">22. Recht J, Dunn B, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Osley M. Functional analysis of histone H2A and H2B in transcriptional repression in <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Molecular and Cellular Biology</em>, 16(6): 2545-2553<em>.</em> 1996</span></p>
<p style="margin-right: 0in; margin-left: 0in; font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Cambria;">23. Kopczynski J, <strong>Raff A</strong>, Bonner J. Translational readthrough at nonsense mutations in the <em>HSF1</em> gene of <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae. </em> <em>Molecular and General Genetics</em>, 234: 369-378. 1992</span></p>
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<p>Amanda C. Raff, MD, is Attending Physician, Professor and Associate Chair of Medicine for Undergraduate Medical Education at Montefiore-Einstein. She is also the co-director of the Montefiore-Einstein Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Program. Dr. Raff’s clinical focus is on dialysis and the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease and end stage kidney disease.</p><p>After earning her Bachelor of Science in biology at Indiana University, Dr. Raff completed her Doctor of Medicine at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, earning her degree in 1998. Her postdoctoral training began at New York Presbyterian Hospital with an internship and residency in internal medicine from 1998 through 2001. She was assistant chief resident at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in 2000 and chief resident at New York University Downtown Hospital from 2001 to 2002. She then returned to Montefiore-Einstein to complete a two-year fellowship in nephrology in 2004.</p><p>Dr. Raff’s research focuses on medical education. She has been the Course Director for the Einstein medical student Renal Course since 2007 and the Internal Medicine Clerkship and Acting Internship Director since 2012. Dr. Raff’s contributions in the field of Medical Education include serving as a Nephrology section committee member for the American College of Physicians’ Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP) 19 and 20 as well as prior work as a Case Editor for Aquifer Internal Medicine and contributing author and reviewer for the Clerkship Directors in Internal Medicine (CDIM) curriculum revision.</p><p>An enthusiastic medical educator, Dr. Raff has received several awards for her teaching and in 2010 was inducted into the Leo M. Davidoff Society for outstanding achievement in the teaching of medical students. She is board certified and is a member the American Society of Nephrology and a fellow of the American College of Physicians.</p>
Alyson K. Myers
<p>Alyson K. Myers, MD, is Associate Professor, Endocrinology at our Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Myers is a clinical endocrinologist who cares for persons with diabetes, as well as disorders of the thyroid, bone, adrenals, pituitary and gonads.</p><p>After earning her Doctor of Medicine at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center in 2005, Dr. Myers completed a combined internal medicine and psychiatry residency at Rush University Medical Center in 2010. In 2012, she completed a clinical endocrinology fellowship and a T32 diabetes and depression research fellowship at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.</p><p>Building on her clinical focus, Dr. Myers’ research interests include diabetes disparities, diabetes technology and diabetic foot ulcers. She has been co-investigator and consultant on a number of funded research projects and has given numerous national and international presentations. Dr. Myers has shared her work through many peer-reviewed journals, books, chapters, review articles and abstracts.</p><p>Dr. Myers is board certified in Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism and Internal Medicine by the American Board of Internal Medicine. She is a member of many professional organizations, including the Association of Medicine and Psychiatry, the Endocrine Society and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, among others.</p>
Sofiya Milman
<p>Dr. Sofiya Milman is Professor of Medicine and of Genetics, Interim Vice-Chair for Research in the Department of Medicine, and Director of Human Longevity Studies at Einstein’s Institute for Aging Research. Dr. Milman’s research focuses on a unique population of centenarians and their families who are generally free of age-related diseases. Healthy longevity runs in most of these families, suggesting a heritable basis for this phenomenon. Dr. Milman's team conducts translational research focused on the discovery of genomic mechanisms that regulate endocrine and metabolic pathways that protect against common age-related diseases, like diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's. </p>
<p>Many of the discovered longevity genes and phenotypes are related to hormonal pathways. Changes in most hormones are observed throughout the human lifespan, but it remains unknown whether the observed changes cause aging, are associated with age but are not the cause of aging, or are protective for the aging body. Identification of protective endocrine parameters will inform our understanding of the mechanisms of healthy aging and lead to the discovery of interventions that protect from age-related diseases.</p>
<p>A biological pathway that has been repeatedly implicated in aging is the somatotropic axis that involves signaling via growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Substantial evidence exists that diminished signaling via this pathway delays aging, resulting in longer lifespan and health-span, not only in animal models, but also in humans. In fact, Dr. Milman's research demonstrated that lower IGF-I levels were associated with longer survival and better cognition in humans with exceptional longevity and provided evidence against supplementing older adults with growth hormone in an attempt to delay aging. Dr. Milman's team uses computational approaches to integrade genetic information, such as whole-exome sequencing, with rich phenotype data in families with inherited longevity to understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms that lead to protective effects of low IGF-I. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> 1. Zhang WB, Ye K, Barzilai N, <strong>Milman S</strong>. The antagonistic pleiotropy of insulin-like growth factor 1. <em>Aging Cell </em>2021; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #231f20; letter-spacing: -0.05pt; background-color: white;">20(9), e13443</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">; </span><span class="id-label"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">PMCID: PMC8441393</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span class="docsum-authors"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #212121;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><span class="docsum-authors"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: #212121;"> 2. DeVito LM, Barzilai N, Cuervo AM, Niedernhofer LJ, <strong>Milman S</strong>, Levine M, Promislow D, Ferrucci L, Kuchel GA, Mannick J, Justice J, Gonzales MM, Kirkland JL, Cohen P, Campisi J. Extending human healthspan and longevity: a symposium report. <em>Ann NY Acad Sci </em>2021</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 3. Zhang WB, Aleksic S, Gao T, Weiss EF, Demetriou E, Verghese J, Holtzer R, Barzilai N,<strong> Milman S. </strong><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32492897/?from_term=sofiya+milman&f… style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and IGF Binding Proteins Predict All-Cause Mortality and Morbidity in Older Adults.</span></a> <em>Cells</em> 2020; 9(6):E1368, PMCID:<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7349399/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">PMC7349399</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 4. Zhang ZD, <strong>Milman S</strong>, Lin J, Barzilai N, Gorbunova V, Ladiges WC, Niedernhofer LF, Suh Y, Robbins PD, Vijg J. Genetics of extreme human longevity to guide drug discovery for healthy ageing. <em>Nat Metab </em>2020; 2(8)663-672.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 5. Lehallier B, Gate D, Schaum N, Nanasi T, Lee SE, Yousef H, Moran Losada P, Berdnik D, Keller A, Verghese J, Sathyan S, Franceschi C, <strong>Milman S</strong>, Barzilai N, Wyss-Coray T. Undulating changes in human plasma proteome profiles across the lifespan. <em>Nat Med</em> 2019; 25(12):1843-1850; PMCID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7062043/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="color: black;">PMC7062043</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 6. Gubbi S, Quipildor GF, Barzilai N, Huffman DM, <strong>Milman S</strong>. 40 Years of IGF-1: IGF-1: the Jekyll and Hyde of the aging brain. <em>J Mol Endocrinol </em>2018; 61(1):T171-T185. PMCID: PMC5988994</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 7. Gubbi S, Schwartz E, Crandall JP, Verghese J, Holtzer R, Atzmon G, Braunstein R, Barzilai N, <strong>Milman S</strong>. Effect of Exceptional Parental Longevity and Lifestyle Factors on Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in Offspring. <em>Am J Cardiol</em> 2017</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 8. Ismail K, Nussbaum L, Sebastiani P, Andersen S, Perls T, Barzilai N, <strong>Milman S</strong>. Compression of Morbidity is Observed Across Cohorts with Exceptional Longevity. <em>J Am Geriatr Soc</em> 2016; 64(8):1583-91. PMCID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4988893/"><span style="color: black;">PMC4988893</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> 9.</span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;"> Milman S</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">, Huffman DM, Barzilai N. The Somatotropic Axis in Human Aging: Framework for the Current State of Knowledge and Future Research. <em>Cell Metab</em> 2016; 23(6):980-9. PMCID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4919980/"><span style="color: black;">PMC4919980</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 10.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">Perice L, Barzilai N, Verghese J, Weiss EF, Holtzer R, Cohen P, <strong>Milman S</strong>. Lower Circulating Insulin-like Growth Factor-I is Associated with Better Cognition in Females with Exceptional Longevity Without Compromise to Muscle Mass and Function. <em>Aging </em>Albany NY) 2016; 8(10): 2414-2424. PMCID: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5115897/"><span style="color: black;">PMC5115897</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 11.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">Milman S</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; color: black;">, Barzilai N. Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying Unusually Successful Human Health Span and Life Span. <em>Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med</em> 2015 Dec 4. PMCID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4691799/"><span style="color: black;">PMC4691799</span></a> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; font-size: medium; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; caret-color: #000000; color: #000000; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; text-indent: -0.25in; background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> 12.<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Milman S</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">, Atzmon G, Huffman DM, Wan J, Crandall JP, Cohen P, Barzilai N. Low Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Level Predicts Survival in Humans with Exceptional Longevity. <em>Aging Cell</em> 2014; 13(4):769-71</span></p>