CMV Infection
Allison M. Martin
<p>Allison M. Martin, MD, is an attending physician at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Einstein and Assistant Professor, Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology at our Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Dr. Martin’s clinical focus centers on pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors.</p><p>After receiving her Bachelor of Arts in biology from Bryn Mawr College in 2001, Dr. Martin earned her Doctor of Medicine at Jefferson Medical College in 2007. She completed her pediatrics residency at the University of Pittsburgh in 2010, followed by a pediatric hematology/oncology fellowship at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health in 2013. Following this, Dr. Martin completed an additional fellowship in pediatric neuro-oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 2014.</p><p>Dr. Martin’s research focuses on high-risk group 3 and refractory medulloblastoma. Her research program focuses on uncovering new ways to harness the immune system to treat this disease. Her work has been shared through numerous peer-reviewed publications, abstracts, case reports and invited talks and panels. She has also been principal investigator and co-investigator on several funded research projects and is a reviewer for <em>Cancers</em>.</p><p>Dr. Martin is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology-Oncology. She is a member of the Children’s Oncology Group (COG), the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP) and the Society of Immunotherapy and Cancer (SITC). In 2021, Dr. Martin received the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Fellows Teaching Award from the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Einstein. She was named a “Top Doctor” by Castle Connolly in 2024.</p>
Nathan Litman
<p>Nathan Litman, MD, FAAP, FIDSA, FPIDS, is Vice Chair, Pediatrics at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore and Professor, Pediatrics at Montefiore Einstein. His clinical focus centers on general pediatric infectious diseases.</p><p>After earning his Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Brooklyn College in 1967, Dr. Litman obtained his Doctor of Medicine from Einstein in 1971. He completed his straight pediatric internship, pediatric residency, and Chief Pediatric Residency at Montefiore Medical Center. He served for 2 years as Lieutenant Commander in the US Public Health Service. He returned to Montefiore to complete a two-year Infectious Disease Fellowship in 1978.</p><p>Dr. Litman’s research has been published in multiple peer-reviewed journals, books, chapters, review articles and abstracts, including the <em>New England Journal of Medicine, The Journal of Pediatrics, Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em> and many more. Dr. Litman has served as a reviewer for <em>Medical Letter, Journal of Perinatology</em>, the <em>Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal</em>, the <em>Journal of Pediatrics, Journal of National Medical Association</em> and the <em>Journal of the American Medical Association</em>. He has also served on many committees such as the Advisory Committee on AIDS and the Advisory Committee on Health Curriculum, and is currently a member of the Pediatric Research Day Committee at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore.</p><p>Dr. Litman is board certified in Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases by the American Board of Pediatrics. He has received many awards and honors including the Teaching Excellence Award in Recognition of Outstanding Teaching in the Division of Infectious Diseases from Montefiore Einstein in 2014, Appreciation for Dedication, Support, and Commitment to Pediatric Hospital Medicine from the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore in 2013, the Peer to Peer Excellence in Medicine Award from Bronx County Medical Society in 2008 and the William Obrinsky Award Outstanding Medical Student Teaching Award in Pediatrics from the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore in 2004</p>
Ross I. Kaye
Frederick J. Kaskel
<p>Frederick J. Kaskel, M.D., Ph.D., is an internationally recognized clinical investigator and educator in pediatric nephrology. He is a Chief Emeritus, Nephrology Children's Hospital at Montefioire, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He is a Past President of the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology and the Congress President of the 15th Scientific Congress of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association.</p>
<p>He received his undergraduate bachelor's degree in Biology from Monmouth College, Monmouth, Ill., and his doctorate in Physiology and Medical Degree from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and is a Distinguished Alumnus from both of these institutions. He trained in Pediatrics and Pediatric Nephrology at Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, respectively and was a recipient of an NIH National Research Service Award. Prior to returning to Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1998 to become the Director of Pediatric Nephrology, he was a tenured Professor of Pediatrics at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.</p>
<p>Dr. Kaskel's research interests range from basic science contributions in developmental renal physiology and mechanisms of renal toxicity and hypertension, to clinical and translational research in the etiologies and treatment of progressive kidney diseases secondary to nephrotic sydnrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and hypertension. His current research is aimed at preventing the epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors and hypertension. He has received continuous research support from the National Institutes of Health and directs the Training Program in Pediatric Nephrology which prepares new physician investigators for careers in Pediatric Nephrology.</p>
<p>He published over 100 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and co-edited a major textbook on Fluids and Electrolytes in Pediatrics. He has numerous collaborations nationally and internationally and is expanding the communications between pediatric nephrology basic and clinical investigators worldwide. He currently plays a major role representing the Department of Pediatrics in the Einstein's prestigious Clinical Translational Science Award.</p>
Kidney disorders in infants, children and adolescents; end-stage kidney replacement therapy and transplantation
Prevention of kidney disease progression; prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular disease
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<li>Chandra M, Stokes MB, Kaskel FJ. Multinucleated podocytes: a diagnostic clue to cystinosis. Kidney Int. 2010 Nov;78(10):1052. PMID 21030980</li>
<li>Greenbaum LA, Munoz A, Schneider MF, kaskel FJ, Askenazi DJ, Jenkins R, Hotchkiss H, Moxey-Mims M, Furth SL, Warady BA. The association between abnormal birth history and growth in children with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 011 Jan;6(1):14-21. PMC3022235</li>
<li>Gipson DS, Trachtman H, Kaskel FJ, Radeva MK, Gassman J, Greene TH, Moxey-Mims MM, Hogg RJ, Watkins SL, Fine RN, Middelton JP, Vehaskari VM, Hogan SL, Vento S, Flynn PA, Powell LM, McMahan JL, Siegel N, Friedman AL. Clinical trials treating focal segmental glomerulosclerosis should measure patient quality of life. Kidney Int. 2011 Mar;79(6):678-85. PMC3306823</li>
<li>Goilav B, Kaskel FJ. Chronic kidney disease stages are appropriate at all ages. Blood Purif. 2011;31(1-3):125- 129. PMID 21228580</li>
<li>Thomas R, Sanna-Cherchi S, Warady BA, Furth SL, Kaskel FJ, Gharavi AG. HNF1B and PAX2 mutations are a common cause of renal hypodysplasia in the CKiD cohort. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011 Jun;26(6):897-903. PMC3257470</li>
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<ol start="6">
<li>Gipson DS, Trachtman H, Kaskel FJ, Greene TH, Radeva MK, Gassman JJ, Moxey-Mims MM, Hogg RJ, Watkins SL, Fine RN, Hogan SL, Middleton JP, Vehaskari VM, Flynn PA, Powell LM, Vento SM, McMagan JL, Siegel N, D’Agati VD, Friedman AL. Clinical trial of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in children and young adults. Kidney Int. 2011 Oct;80(8):868-78. PMC3306824</li>
<li>Furth SL, Abraham AG, Jerry-Fluker J, Schwartz GJ, Benfield M, Kaskel F, Wong C, Mak RH, Moxey-Mims M, Warady BA. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Sep;6(9):2132-40. PMC3358991</li>
<li>Gipson DS, Trachtman H, KaskelFJ, RadevaM, GassmanJ, GreeneT, Moxey-Mims M, HoggR, WatkinsS, FineR, MiddletonJ, VehaskariVM, HoganHL, VentoS, FlynnP, PowellL, McMahanJ, SiegelN, FriedmanA. Clinical trials treating focal segmental glomerulosclerosis should measure patient quality of life. Kidney Int. 2011 Mar; 79(6):678-85. PMC33068223</li>
<li>Skversky AL, Kumar J, Abramowitz MK, Kaskel FJ, Melamed ML. Association of glucocorticoid use and low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surevey (NHANES):2001-2006. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Sep28. PMC3232615</li>
<li>D’Agati V.D., Kaskel, FJ, and Falk RJ. Medical Progress: Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. New England Journal of Medicine 2011 Dec: 365(25):2398-411. PMID 22187987</li>
<li>Wei C, Trachtman H, Li J, Dong, C, Friedman AL, Gassman JJ, McMahan JL, Radeva M, Heil KM, Trautmann A, Anaret A, Emre S, Ghiggeri GM, Ozaltin F, Haffner D, Gipson DS, Kaskel, F, Fischer DC, Schaefer F, Reiser, J. Circulating suPAR in two cohorts of primary FSGS. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 23:, 2012.</li>
<li>D’Agati VD, Alser JC, Jennette C, Thomas D, Pullman J, Savino D, Cohen A, Gipson D, Gassman J, Radeva M, Moxey-Mims M, Friedman A, Kaskel F, Trachtman H, Alpers C, Fogo A, Nast C. Histologic Variants in FSGS Clinical Trial biopsies correlate with outcome independent of remission status. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013; Mar;8(3):399-406. PMID: 23220425</li>
<li>Hogg R, Friedman A, Greene T, Radeva M, Budisavljevic M, Gassman J, Gipson D, Jefferson A, John E, Kaskel F, Moudgil A, Moxe-Mims M, Ortiz L, Schelling J, Schnaper H, Srivastava T, Trachtman H, Vehaskari V, Wong C, Worinicki R, Van Wy S, Zolotnitskaya A. Renal function and proteinuria after successful immunosuppressive therapies in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Feb;8(2):211-8. PMID: 23143503</li>
<li>Ferris M, Norwood V, Radeva M, Gassman J, Amira A, Askenazi D, Mato T, Pinsk M, Sharma A, Smoyer W, Stults J, Vyas S, Weiss R, Gipson D, Kaskel F, Friedman A, Moxey-Mins M, Trachtman H. Patient recruitment in a multicenter randomized clinical trial for kidney disease: report of the Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Clinical Trial. Clin Trans Sci 2013 Feb;6(1):13-20. PMID: 23399084</li>
<li>Gadegbeku C, Gipson D, Holzman L, Ojo A, Song P, Barisoni L, Sampson M, Kopp J, Lemley K, Nelson P, Lienczewski C, Adler S, Appel G, Cattran D, Choi M, Contreras G, Dell K, Fervenza F, Gibson K, Greenbaum L, Hernandez J, Hewitt S, Hingorani S, Hladunewich M, Hogan M, Hogan S, Kaskel J, Lieske J, Meyers K, Nachman P, Nast C, Neu A, Reich H, Sedor J, Sethna C, Trachtman H, Tuttle K, Zilleruelo G, and Kretzler M. Design of the Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) to evaluate primary glomerular nephropathy by a multidisciplinary approach. Kidney International advance online publication, 16 January 2013 doi:10.1038/ki.2012.428.</li>
<li>Akchurin O, Kaskel FJ. Late steroid resistance in childhood nephrotic syndrome: do we now know more that 40 years ago? Pediatr Nephrol. 2013 Aug;28(8):1157-60. PMID: 23708761</li>
<li> 17. Frederick Kaskel, Daniel Batlle, Srinivasan Beddhu, John Daugirdas, Harold Feldman, Maria Ferris, Lawrence Fine, Barry Freedman, Paul L Kimmel, Michael F Flessner, Robert A. Star, on behalf of the Kidney Research National Dialogue (KRND). Improving CKD Therapies and Care: A National Dialogue. CJASN (In Press).</li>
<li>18. Nephropathic Cystinosis: An International Consensus Document. NDT (in Press).</li>
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<p>As Director of the Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Dr. Kaskel is involved in basic and clinical investigations into the mechanisms of the major kidney disorders in pediatrics. He is particularly interested in the physiology and pathophysiology of normal and abnormal development and function of the kidneys throughout the critical periods of growth and maturation extending into adolescence and young adulthood. He is actively involved in a clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to find the most efficacious therapy for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, one of the major causes of progressive glomerular disease, while investigating the molecular etiologies for its expression. Another NIH-supported study involves chronic kidney disease in children and how it affects their growth and neurocognitive development, and the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and renal progression.</p><p>Dr. Kaskel is a past president of the American Society of Pediatric Nephrology, was Congress President of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association 15th Scientific Meeting, and has served as Chair for the Council of Nephrology and Urology of the National Kidney Foundation and the Kidney and Urology Foundation of America. He has also served on the Cardiovascular Renal Advisory Panel of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and as Associate Editor for the <em>Journal of the IPNA Pediatric Nephrology</em>. In addition, he has been named one of the Best Doctors in America and New York and as a Super Doctor by <em>New York Times</em> Magazine.</p>
Tamara Gomez Kalhan
<p>Tamara Kalhan, MD, FAAP, is Medical Director, Low Birthweight Evaluation and Assessment Program (LEAP) Clinic and Director, Neonatal Education, Wakefield Division at the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Einstein and Course Director, Medicine Electives in Neonatology and Assistant Professor, Pediatrics at our Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Her clinical focus is on neonatal outcomes for premature infants, low birth weight infants and infants requiring extended Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) hospitalizations.</p><p>Dr. Kalhan earned her Doctor of Medicine in 2009 at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine. She completed her pediatric residency in 2012 at St. Louis Children’s Hospital, followed by a fellowship in neonatal-perinatal medicine at Columbia University, where she was Chief Fellow in her final year of training in 2015.</p><p>Dr. Kalhan’s research interests and expertise include improving follow-up care and neonatal outcomes in high-risk infant populations, with an emphasis on early detection of cerebral palsy. She has been co-investigator on research projects and has shared her work through peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, review articles and case reports, abstracts, platform presentations and poster presentations.</p><p>Dr. Kalhan is board certified in General Pediatrics and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. She is a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.</p>
Betsy Herold
<p><strong>Betsy Herold, M.D.</strong> directs a basic and translational research program, which focuses on virus host interactions. Projects in the lab include studies designed to identify the cellular signaling pathways that herpes simplex viruses (HSV) usurp to promote viral entry and infection. The lab uncovered a previously unappreciated paradigm associated with activation of phospholipid scramblases, which are known to catalyze the movement of phosphatidylserine lipids between the inner and outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Surprisingly, they found that the exofacial movement of phospholipids is associated with concomitant translocation of intracellular proteins, including the master kinase Akt to the outside, where Akt becomes phosphorylated to activate an “outside-inside” signaling cascade that promotes viral entry. This pathway is also usurped by SARS-CoV-2 and is important for cellular processes including apoptosis. In collaboration with the Almo lab, they have engineered cell impermeable kinase inhibitors. These compounds block viral entry and prevent induction of apoptosis by select TNF ligands.</p>
<p> Serendipitously, in studying this signaling pathway, the lab identified a novel candidate vaccine for the prevention and treatment of HSV infections. Most efforts to develop a vaccine have focused on neutralizing antibodies that target HSV glycoprotein D (gD), but all of these have failed in clinical trials. Instead, the lab (in collaboration with the Jacobs lab), engineered a virus completely deleted in gD. Glycoprotein D is required for viral entry and cell-to-cell spread, thus the deletion virus (DgD-2) is restricted a single cycle and will not spread. This candidate vaccine elicits T cell responses and high titer, polyfunctional antibodies that protect through antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The vaccine prevents the establishment of latency in mice and is significantly more protective in multiple small animal models than prior vaccines that have failed in clinical trials. The lab has subsequently isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that have this protective ADCC activity and both the vaccine and the mAbs are being advanced for preclinical development. Studies to understand why this vaccine elicits ADCC-mediating antibodies whereas gD vaccines and primary HSV infection only elicit neutralizing antibodies led to the identification of a key role for TNFRSF14 (aka HVEM) in generating and mediating ADCC responses. HVEM is an immune cell surface protein that functions in signal transduction pathways that regulate inflammatory or inhibitory immune responses but its role in shaping the B cell repertoire and in providing a second signal for ADCC had not been previously described and has implications for vaccine development and oncolytic therapies. </p>
<p> The third major area of basic research involves defining the molecular mechanisms underlying the HIV-HSV syndemic. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that being HSV seropositive is associated with an increased risk for HIV acquisition, replication, higher plasma viral loads and more frequent episodes of HIV reactivation. Using primary cells from patients and HIV latently infected cell lines, the lab has identified several mechanisms by which HSV promotes HIV latency reversal and replication including upregulation of the noncoding RNA, <em>Malat1</em>, and downregulation of IL-32. Defining these pathways may lead to identification of new strategies to “shock and kill” or “block and lock” HIV.</p>
<p> Clinical studies include prevention of infectious disease complications in transplantation. Members of the research group are involved in studies to optimize pre-emptive prophylaxis for CMV and EBV, vaccine responses in transplantation recipients, and others</p>
<div>Dr. Herold directs a translational research program focused on the interactions between viruses and their host and using that knowledge to develop novel treatment and prevention strategies. Through her basic science studies, Dr. Herold has developed a unique candidate vaccine to prevent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, which is being advanced for phase I clinical trials. Studies of this vaccine uncovered a previously unappreciated immune evasion strategy; this knowledge may accelerate the development of drugs to bolster vaccine and monoclonal antibody efficacy against a range of pathogens. </div>
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<div>Her studies on HIV focus on the development of safe and effective pre-exposure prophylactic strategies and on investigating how HSV interacts with HIV to reactivate HIV. Dr. Herold's team also has discovered a previously unrecognized phenomenon in cell biology in which HSV and other viruses activate a mechanism that helps them gain entry and infect healthy cells. This provides a novel target for the development of new antiviral drugs. <br /><br /></div>
<div>Most recently, her lab has studied why children respond differently and are relatively protected from severe COVID-19. Defining the differences in the immune response in children compared to adults will provide insights into protective immunity against this virus and future pandemic viruses. <br /><br /></div>
<div>Her clinical research focuses on infections in pediatric transplant recipients. Dr. Herold helped established and is co-chair of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Transplant Research Network (PIDTRAN), which supports and promotes projects to prevent and treat infectious diseases among child transplant recipients. Dr. Herold has served on the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council and on the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society Council. She has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1989. Dr. Herold has over 180 publications in peer-reviewed journals and has presented her work internationally.</div>
Pediatric Infectious Diseases.
Prevention and treatment of infections in solid and stem cell transplant patients and other immunocompromised patients.
<p>Betsy Herold, MD, is Chief of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vice Chair for Research at Children's Hospital at Montefiore. Dr. Herold is also a Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology & Immunology, and Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health at our Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She specializes in pediatric infectious diseases. </p><p>Dr. Herold received her Bachelor of Arts in Biology in 1978 from Brown University and went on to receive her Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1982. Dr. Herold completed an internship and residency in pediatrics at Children's Memorial Hospital, where she became a Chief Resident in 1985. She then began a fellowship in research at Hagedorn Research Laboratory in Gentofte, Denmark. In 1987, Dr. Herold began a fellowship in pediatric infectious diseases at Children's Memorial Hospital, followed by a Research Associate/Postdoctoral Virology Fellowship in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Northwestern University in Chicago. </p><p>Dr. Herold's clinical research focuses on the prevention and treatment of infections in solid and stem cell transplant patients and other immunocompromised patients. Dr. Herold has also been involved in research in Kawasaki disease and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. Dr. Herold directs a basic and translational research program on the prevention of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and HIV infections through the development of vaccines and novel antivirals. The current major focus of her lab is on a novel, paradigm-shifting, single-cycle vaccine to prevent HSV-1 and HSV-2. She has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1989. Dr. Herold has over 150 peer reviewed publications in peer-reviewed journals and has presented her work internationally. </p><p>In 2012, Dr. Herold received the Clinical Science Faculty Mentor Award from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. She has also been awarded the Henry and Jacob Lowenberg Prize in Pediatrics and the Pediatric Infectious Disease Young Investigator Award. Dr. Herold is board certified by the American Board of Pediatrics in Pediatrics and in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. </p>
Nicole A. Hayde
<p>Nicole Hayde, MD, MS, is a pediatric nephrologist at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Einstein (CHAM), Medical Director, Pediatric Kidney Transplant Program, Associate Director, Pediatric Nephrology Fellowship Program and Associate Professor, Pediatrics at Montefiore-Einstein. Dr. Hayde’s clinical focus is pediatric renal transplantation, with a particular interest in the role of antibodies in allograft injury.</p><p>After earning her Doctor of Medicine from the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica in 2003, Dr. Hayde completed her residency and chief residency in pediatrics at the University of Miami in 2009. She went on to complete her fellowship in pediatric nephrology at CHAM in 2012. During her fellowship, she was also enrolled in the clinical research training program at Einstein, earning her Master of Science in clinical research methods in 2012.</p><p>Dr. Hayde’s research focus is on the role of donor-specific antibodies in pediatric kidney transplantation and methods to decrease antibody mediated injury. Her findings have been published in several peer-reviewed journals, and have been shared through book chapters, posters and presentations. She is on the editorial board of Frontiers in Pediatrics and is a peer reviewer for several journals including Transplantation, Pediatric Transplantation and Human Immunology. She also serves as a research mentor for fellows interested in kidney transplant research.</p><p>Dr. Hayde is board certified in pediatrics and pediatric nephrology. She has several national roles including the associate councilor of region 9 of United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the executive committee of the pediatric community of practice of the American Society of Transplantation. She is also a member of several professional organizations including the ASPN and the American Society of Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics.</p>
David L. Goldman
<p>The medical community has long recognized fungi as important allergens for patients with asthma. Interestingly, fungal sensitization is more common in children and has been linked to severe asthma resulting in death. The accepted paradigm is that fungal sensitization occurs as a result of recurrent, transient environmental exposures. Yet, increasing evidence suggests that fungi may interact with people in unrecognized ways to promote asthma. My lab is interested in understanding the role of subclinical fungal infections in asthma and their potential contribution to the high prevalence of asthma in urban areas.<br /><br /></p>
<p><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> is an encapsulated fungus that is well suited to serve as co-factor in urban asthma. <em>C. neoformans</em> colonizes pigeon droppings and is endemic to urban areas. Once inhaled, this fungus causes persistent, subclinical infections. We have demonstrated that the majority of Bronx children older than 2 years have serologic evidence of cryptococcal infection. Cryptococcal infection induces TH2 inflammation in animal models. In a rat model, we have shown that cryptococcal pulmonary infection acts a co-factor to enhance allergic inflammation to allergen challenge and promotes airway hyper-responsiveness, both hallmark features of asthma. Pulmonary cryptococcosis also induces chitinase expression, which has recently been implicated as an essential mediator of allergic inflammation.<br /><br /></p>
<p>To study this phenomenon, we have established collaborations with Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Emergency Medicine at the Children’s Hospital of Montefiore. These collaborations provide access to the large number of children with asthma in the Bronx. Current studies underway include a characterization of chitinase expression among asthmatics and a comparison of cryptococcal infection prevalence among asthmatics and non-asthmatics. Animal experimentation directed at understanding the mechanisms and variables related to fungal induced asthma are also underway.<br /><br /></p>
<p>In addition to fungal studies, my lab is interested in anthrax pathogenesis. <em>Bacillus anthracis</em> is widely recognized as a potential agent of bioterrorism as evidenced by the 2001 anthrax attack. The toxins of <em>B. anthracis</em> are essential to virulence. In collaborations with Drs. Arturo Casadevall and Jurgen Brojatsch, we have studied the mechanisms by which <em>Bacillus anthracis</em> toxins contribute to host death. We have identified a previously unrecognized protease in human serum that inactivates the protective antigen component of lethal toxin <em>in vitro</em>. The precise protease and its role in the host response and susceptibility to anthrax remain to be determined. We have also identified a potential role for platelet activating factor (PAF) in mediating the lethal effects of toxin, including the alterations in vascular permeability which is characteristic of anthrax. Together, these observations may have important implications in developing new approaches to the treatment of anthrax.</p>
Dr. Goldman has a special interest in fungal infections in children, including hospital and community acquired mycoses.
Dr. Goldman has two primary research interests: the contribution of fungi to the development of asthma in children and the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection in children
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<p>1. Fungal sensitization in childhood persistent asthma is associated with disease severity. Vicencio AG, Santiago MT, Tsirilakis K, Stone A, Worgall S, Foley EA, Bush D, Goldman DL. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013 Feb 8. doi: 10.1002/ppul.22779. [Epub ahead of print]</p>
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<p>2. Increased chitinase expression and fungal-specific antibodies in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic children. Goldman DL, Li X, Tsirilakis K, Andrade C, Casadevall A, Vicencio AG. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012 Apr;42(4):523-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03886.x. Epub 2011 Oct 10.</p>
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<p>3. CHIT1 mutations: genetic risk factor for severe asthma with fungal sensitization? Vicencio AG, Chupp GL, Tsirilakis K, He X, Kessel A, Nandalike K, Veler H, Kipperman S, Young MC, Goldman DL.</p>
<p>Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e982-5. doi: 10.1542/peds.2010-0321. Epub 2010 Sep 6.</p>
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<p>4. Proteasome inhibitors prevent caspase-1-mediated disease in rodents challenged with anthrax lethal toxin.Muehlbauer SM, Lima H Jr, Goldman DL, Jacobson LS, Rivera J, Goldberg MF, Palladino MA, Casadevall A, Brojatsch J. Am J Pathol. 2010 Aug;177(2):735-43. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090828. Epub 2010 Jul 1. Erratum in: Am J Pathol. 2010 Oct;177(4):2145.</p>
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<p>David L. Goldman, MD, is Fellowship Director, Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Associate Professor, Pediatrics, and Associate Professor, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases at Montefiore Einstein. He has a special interest in fungal infections in children, including hospital and community acquired mycoses.</p><p>After earning his Bachelor of Arts from Brandeis University in 1983, Dr. Goldman attended Jefferson Medical College, earning his Doctor of Medicine in 1987. He began his postdoctoral education at St. Vincent’s Hospital. Yale University, New York Medical College, completing a yearlong internship before coming to Einstein’s Jacobi Medical Center, where he completed a residency in pediatrics in 1991, a fellowship in academic pediatrics in 1992 and a fellowship in pediatric infectious diseases in 1996.</p><p>Dr. Goldman has two primary research interests: the contribution of fungi to the development of asthma in children and the pathogenesis of C. difficile infection in children. He has shared his work through conferences, symposia, books, peer-reviewed journals, review articles, abstracts and poster presentations. He has also been an ad hoc reviewer for several journals including <em>Infection and Immunity, Microbes and Infection</em>, and <em>Medical Mycology</em>.</p><p>Dr. Goldman is board certified in pediatrics and pediatric infectious diseases. He is a member of the American Society of Microbiology, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society.</p>
Purnima Garg
<p><strong>Education</strong></p>
<p>Medical School: Lady Hardinge Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India<br />Residency: Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center (Family Medicine)</p>